One-line Summary:

What Is the What is a powerful and heart-wrenching novel that tells the story of Valentino Achak Deng, a Sudanese refugee, as he navigates through the horrors of war, displacement, and the challenges of building a new life in America.

The Journey from Sudan to America

What Is the What, written by Dave Eggers, is a fictionalized account of the real-life experiences of Valentino Achak Deng, a Sudanese refugee. The novel follows Valentino’s journey from his peaceful village in Southern Sudan to his life as a “Lost Boy” in Ethiopia and Kenya, and finally to his resettlement in the United States.

Valentino’s story begins with the outbreak of the Second Sudanese Civil War, which forces him to flee his home and embark on a treacherous journey to escape the violence and find safety. Along with thousands of other young boys, Valentino becomes one of the “Lost Boys of Sudan,” a term used to describe the children who were displaced and orphaned during the war.

The Struggles of War and Displacement

Throughout the novel, Valentino faces numerous challenges and hardships. He witnesses the brutalities of war, including the massacre of his village and the separation from his family. As he travels through dangerous territories, he encounters starvation, disease, and the constant threat of violence.

Valentino’s time in refugee camps in Ethiopia and Kenya is marked by overcrowding, limited resources, and a constant struggle for survival. He forms friendships and alliances with other Lost Boys, relying on their support and camaraderie to endure the harsh conditions.

Building a New Life in America

After years of uncertainty and displacement, Valentino is eventually resettled in the United States. However, his journey is far from over. He faces the challenges of adapting to a new culture, learning a new language, and navigating the complexities of the American immigration system.

Valentino’s experiences in America are a mix of hope and disappointment. He encounters kindness and generosity from strangers who help him along the way, but also faces discrimination, isolation, and the constant struggle to find stability and a sense of belonging.

Key Takeaways:

• What Is the What sheds light on the plight of refugees and the challenges they face in their search for safety and a better life.
• The novel explores themes of resilience, friendship, and the human capacity to endure in the face of adversity.
• It highlights the importance of empathy and understanding in bridging the gap between different cultures and backgrounds.

“I will not let myself be consumed by hatred, even though I feel it sometimes. I will not let myself be defeated by evil. I will not become what I hate.” – Valentino Achak Deng

In conclusion, What Is the What is a poignant and thought-provoking novel that provides a glimpse into the harrowing experiences of a Sudanese refugee. Through Valentino’s story, Dave Eggers raises awareness about the global refugee crisis and the resilience of the human spirit. The book serves as a reminder of the importance of compassion, understanding, and the power of hope in the face of unimaginable challenges.